Optical scanning apparatus for xerographic printers



n 1964 J. RUTKUS, JR., ETAL 3,

OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR XEROGRAPHIC PRINTERS Filed Aug. 1, 1960 18 Sheets-Sheet 1 mlInnnnnummnlll" I 1 JOHN gl ri u g R.

By GORDON P. TAILLIE A T TORNE Y June 1 4 J. RUTKUS, JR. ETAL 3,137,202

OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR XEROGRAPHIC PRINTERS Filed Aug. 1, 1960 18 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. JOHN RUTKUS, JR.

2 y GORDON P. TAILLIE n 1964 J. RUTKUS, JR, ETAL 3,137,202

OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR XEROGRAPHIC PRINTERS l8 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Aug. 1, 1960 in Q 6 308 INVENTOR. JOHN RUTKUS, JR. coaoou P. TAILLIE ATTORNEY June 16, 1964 J. RUTKUS, JR.. ETAL 3,137,202

OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR XEROGRAPHIC PRINTERS Filed Aug. 1, 1960 18 Sheets-Sheet 4 JOHN RUTKUS, JR. BY GORDON P. TAILLIE ATTORNEY June 16, 1.964 J. RUTKUS, JR.. ETAL 3,137,202

OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR XEROGRAPHIC PRINTERS Filed Aug. 1, 1960 18 Sheets-Sheet 5 29/- F77 i 8/ 72 65 ea 73 7 6 a2 8a 78 64 6/ 6/ 64 as IN V EN TOR.

JOHN RUI'KUS, JR. FIG. 7 By GORDON P. TAILLIE A TTOR/VE V June 16, 1 4 J. RUTKUS, JR., ETAL 3,137,202

OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR XEROGRAPHIC PRINTERS Filed Aug. 1, 1960 18 Sheets-Sheet 6 IN V EN TOR.

JOHN RUTKUS, JR. BY GORDON P. TAILLIE ATTORNEY OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR XEROGRAPHIC PRINTERS 18 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed Aug. 1, 1960 INVENTOR. JOHN RUTKUS,JR. GORDON P. TAILLIE un 1964 .1. RUTKUS, JR.. ETAL 3,

OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR XEROGRAPHIC PRINTERS Filed Aug. 1, 1960 18 Sheets-Sheet 9 INVENTOR. JOHN RUTKUS,JR. y ooaoon P. mum:

' ATTORNEY June 16, 1964 J. RUTKUS, JR, ETAL 3,137,202

OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR XEROGRAPHIC PRINTERS Filed Aug. 1, 1960 18 Sheets-Sheet 1o INVENTOR. JOHN RUTKUS, JR. y GORDON P. TAILLIE Jun 1 4 J. RUTKUS, JR., ETAL 3,137,202

OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR XEROGRAPHIC PRINTERS I Filed Aug. 1, 1960 18 Sheets-Sheet 11 FIG. 22

FIG. /3 M6 276 A \l \l \4 l "m 275 INVENTOR. N 269 JOHN RUTKUS,JR.

256 g 267 BY GORDON RTAILLIE 266 FIG. /9 7 1 1 A T TOR/V5 Y J n 6, 1964 J. RUTKUS, JR, ETAL 3,137,202

OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR XEROGRAPHIC PRINTERS Filed Aug. 1, 1960 18 Sheets-Sheet l2 E EN EN khN INVENTOR. JOHN RUTKUS, JR. GORDON P. TAILLIE PAN QNN

June 16, 1964 J. RUTKUS, JR, E TAL OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR XEROGRAPHIC PRINTERS l8 Sheets-Sheet 13 Filed Aug. 1, 1960 INVENTOR. JOHN RUTKUS,JR. y GORDON P. TAILLIE ATTORNEY J 16, 1964 J. RUTKUS, JR., ETAL 3,137,202

OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR XEROGRAPHIC PRINTERS l8 Sheets-Sheet 14 Filed Aug. 1, 1960 INVENTOR. JOHN RUTKUS, JR. GORDON P. TAILLIE 7-wwrmy Jun 1964 J. RUTKUS, JR, ETAL 3,137,202

OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR XEROGRAPHIC PRINTERS Filed Aug. 1, 1960 18 Sheets-Sheet l5 INVENTOR. JOHN RUTKUS, JR. BY GORDON P. TAlLLlE ATTORNEY Jun 1 19.64 J. RUTKUS, JR., ETAL 3,137,202

OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR XEROGRAPHIC PRINTERS l8 Sheets-Sheet 16 Filed Aug. 1, 1960 .omm

wkm

n Rm. M 9 Hw\| QM w\| m T I T w A u mm VT 3m N Y N 9a \n 0 ND 3% mu m HR a. Q mm Em M 5% "KM 7 Na W ov Nam r v 2m 5 an, RQQBGQ J June 16, 1964 J. RUTKUS, JR., ETAL 3,137,202

OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR XEROGRAPHIC PRINTERS Filed Aug. 1, 1960 18 Sheets-Sheet 17 0 on 0 .UUW

MOT-5g mam-3Q A MOT-4 V I MOT-2O O MOT-9 MOT"! -Q sc-a '-QZOB"Z4OV.

6 INVENTOR.

JOHN RUTKUS JR. F/G. 44 GORDON P. TAILLIE A 7' TORNE Y United States Patent 3,137,202 OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR XEROGRAPI-IIC PRINTERS John Rutkus, Jr., Penfield, and Gordon P. Taillie, Rochester, N.Y., assignors to Xerox Corporation, Rochester, N.Y., a corporation of New York Filed Aug. 1, 1960, Ser. No. 46,435

' 12 Claims. (CI. 88-24) This invention relates in general to xerography and, in particular, to a variable length scanning apparatus. for projecting the image of an object, specifically either microfilm mounted in aperture data processing cards or roll microfilm, onto a moving xerographic plate.

More specifically, the invention relates to an improved microfilm projecting apparatus that is particularly adapted for use in xerographic reproducing machines, and is also suitable for use with comparable types of reproduction devices.

In the process of xerography, for example, as disclosed in either Carlson Patent 2,297,691, issued October 6, 1942 or in Carlson Patent 2,357,809, issued September 12, 1944, a xerographic plate, comprising a layer of photoconductive-insulating material on a conductive backing, is given a uniform electric charge over its surface and is then exposed to the subject matter to be reproduced, usually by conventional projection techniques. This exposure discharges the plate areas in accordance with the radiation intensity which reaches them and thereby creates an electrostatic latent image on or in the plate coating.

Development of the image is effected with the developer material or developers which comprise, in general, a mixture of a suitable pigment or dyed electrostatic powder hereinafter referred to as toner. More exactly, the function of the granular material is to provide the mechanical control to the powder, or to carry the powder to an image surface, and simultaneously, to provide almost complete homogeneity of charge polarity. In the developmentof the image, the toner powder is brought into surface contact with the coating of the xerographic plate and is held thereon electrostatically in a pattern corresponding to the electrostatic latent image. Thereafter, the developed xerographic image is usually transferred to a support of transfer material to which it may be fixed by any suitable means.

Since the disclosure of the basic concept of xerography by Carlson, a variety of machines and devices have been proposed to incorporate the teachings of Carlson in a manner to form copy xerographically on a commercial basis. For the most part, each of such devices has been specifically designed to the solution of a particular reproduction problem, and, for the most part, has been limited to the particular use intended. Although certain of these machines are presently in wide commercial use for making xerographic reproductions from microfilm into a continuous web of support material, none of these mamoving light-receiving surface, the scanning apparatus being capable of operation independently of the lightreceiving surface.

A further object of this invention is to improve scanning apparatus to permit viewing of the copy to be scanned.

A still further object of the invention is to improve scanning apparatus for either projecting or viewing an image of copy to be reproduced.

These and other objects of the invention are attained by means of a projector arranged in light-projecting relation to a moving light-receiving surface such as a xerographic plate, a light shield to protect the light-receiving surface from undesired light reflections, a slot aperture in the light shield that extends transversely to the path of movement of the light-receiving surface to permit a projected image to be directed againsta portion of the light-receiving surface, the projector including means to uniformly illuminate a copy to be reproduced, a projection lens means to focus an image of a copy onto the light-receiving surface, a movable carcarriage adapted to interchangeably carry either a copy holder for microfilm mounted in apertured data processing cards or a copy holder for a web or roll of microfilm and arranged to travel in a path at right angles to the axis of the projection lens means whereby the subject copy is scanned in timed relation to the movement of the light-receiving surface to project a flowing image corresponding to the image on the copy onto the moving light-receiving surface, scan control means to vary the distance through which the carriage is moved to permit scanning of various sized copy, means to move the carriage through a complete scanning cycle and means to move the carriage into alignment with the projection lens means to permit viewing of the copy to be reproduced.

For a better understanding of the invention as well as other objects and further features thereof, reference is had to the following detailed description of the invention to be'read in connection with the accompanying drawings,

wherein:

FIG. 1 is a right-hand perspective view of the xero graphic apparatus of the invention enclosed within a cabinet, with'parts of the cabinet covering broken away to show the arrangement of the xerographic machine elements schematically;

FIG. 2 illustratesschematically a preferred embodiment of the xerographic apparatus of theinvention;

FIG. 3 is a right-hand view of the xerographic apparatus of the invention with the right-hand frame plate removed;

FIG. 4 is a top view of the xerographic apparatus with parts removed for the sake of clarity so that the drive chines can be used to make xerographic reproductions on I support material in the form of cut-sheet corresponding in size to the image area on the particular microfilm frame being reproduced.

It is therefore the principal object of this invention to improve copy scanning apparatus for use in xeroand paper conveyor components of the apparatus are clearly shown;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line 5-.5 of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the xerographic drum drive coupling;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged side view of a frame extension plate and the elements attached thereon; h

FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the xerographic drive elements taken along the line 88 of FIG. 4;

FIG. 9 is a top view of the copy projector;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of the projector taken along line 10-10 of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the projector taken along line 11-11 of FIG. 9;

FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along line 1212 of FIG. 10;

FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along line 1313 of FIG; 9;

FIG. 14 is a rear view of the projection lens assembly shown in its normal operating position;

FIG. 15 is a side view of the projection lens assembly in its normal operating position;

FIGS. 16 and 17 are rear and side views, respectively, of the projection lens assembly with the carrier lever positioned to bring a viewing lens and viewing object mirror into alignment with the axis of the projection lens assembly;

FIG. 18 is a top view in part of the projector assembly illustrating the position of the various elements thereon when the carrier lever is actuated to the position shown in FIG. 16;

FIG. 19 is a sectional view of the projection lens assembly taken along the line 1919 of FIG. 16;

FIG. 20 is a front view of the card copy carrier;

FIG. 21 is a rear view of the card copy holder;

FIG. 22 is a top view of the card copy holder;

FIG. 23 is a sectional view of the card copy holder taken along line 23-23 of FIG. 20;

FIG. 24 is a front view of the roll film copy holder; FIG. 25 is a rear view of the roll film copy holder; FIG. 26 is a top view partly in section of the roll film copy holder;

- FIG. 27 is a view taken along line 2727 of FIG. 26; FIG. 28 is a sectional view taken along line 28-28 of FIG. 26;

- FIG. 29 is a right-hand perspective view of the paper conveyor mechanism of the apparatus with parts broken away to show the arrangement of the various elements;

FIG. 30 is a sectional view of the paper guide roll and delivery idler roller taken along line 3030 of FIG. 3;

FIG. 31 is a sectional view of the paper guide roll taken along line 31-31 of FIG. 30;

FIGS. 32 and 33 illustrate schematically the operation of the paper guide roll;

FIG. 34 is a sectional view of the conveyor drive assembly taken along line 34-34 of FIG. 3;

FIG. 35 is a top view of a paper gripper;

FIG. 36 is an enlarged top view of a portion of the paper gripper of FIG. 35;

FIG. 37 is an enlarged rear view of the paper gripper of FIG. 36;

FIG. 38 is an enlarged sectional view of the paper gripper taken along line 38-48 of FIG. 36;

FIG. 39 is an enlarged sectional view of the paper gripper taken along line 39-39 of FIG. 36;

FIG. 40 is an enlarged sectional View of the paper gripper taken along line 4040 of FIG. 36;

FIG. 41 is an enlarged sectional view of the paper gripper taken along line 4141 of FIG. 36;

FIG. 42 is an enlarged end view of the paper gripper;

FIG. 43 is a view similar to FIG. 35 showing the gripper bars of the paper gripper in an open position;

FIG. 44 is a schematic electrical wiring diagram of the xerographic apparatus; and i FIG. 45 is a timing chart of the operation of the elements of the xerographic apparatus.

Referring now to the drawings, there is shown in FIG. I a xerographic reproducing machine used for producing xerographic reproductions from microfilm, whether in the form of a continuous web or in the form of an individual frame mounted on a suitable apertured card. To conform to modern office decor the xerograph apparatus is adapted for installation in a suitable console or cabinet.

The cabinet, generally designated 1, constructed in a conventional manner, has mounted on the left-hand side thereof a main control panel 2 for initiating operation of the machine. Positioned directly above the control panel is a viewing platen or screen 3 described in detail hereinafter. In embodiment disclosed, the cabinet of conventional construction, serves as a light-tight housing for the xerographic apparatus. As shown, the xerographic apparatus is positioned in the upper portion of the cabinet, the lower portion of the cabinet having recessed inclined collecting tray 4 for finished reproductions.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the xerographic apparatus of the type disclosed in copending application Serial No. 46,463, now Patent 3,078,770, filed concurrently herewith on August 1, 1960 in the name of Hunt et al., comprises a xerographic plate including a photoconductive layer or light-receiving surface on a conductive backing and formed in the shape of a drum, generally designated by numeral 20, which is journaled in the frame to rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow to cause the drum surface sequentially to pass a plurality of xerographic processing stations.

For the purpose of the present disclosure, the several xerographic processing stations in the path of movement of the drum surface may be described functionally, as follows:

A charging station, at which a uniform electrostatic charge is deposited on the photoconductive layer of the xerographic drum; an exposure station, at which a light or radiation pattern of copy to be reproduced is projected onto the drum surface to dissipate the drum charge in the exposed areas thereof and thereby form a latent electrostatic image of the copy to be reproduced;

A developing station, at which xerographic developing material including toner particles having an electrostatic charge to that of the electrostatic latent image are cascaded over the drum surface, whereby the toner particles adhere to the electrostatic latent image to form a xerographic powder image in the configuration of the copy to be reproduced;

A transfer station, at which the xerographic powder image is electrostatically transferred from the drum surface to a transfer material or support surface; and

A drum cleaning and discharge station, at which the drum surface is first charged and then brushed to remove residual toner particles remaining thereon after image transfer and at which the drum surface is exposed to a relatively bright light source to effect substantially complete discharge remaining thereon.

The charging station is preferably located as indicated by reference character A. In general, the charging apparatus or corona charging device 21 includes a corona discharge array of one or more discharge electrodes that extend transversely across the drum surface and are energized from a high potential source and are substantially enclosed within a shielding member.

Next subsequent thereto in the path of motion of the xerographic drum is an exposure station B. This exposure station may be one of a number of types of mechanisms or members such as desirably an optical scanning or projection system or the like designed to project an image onto the surface of the photoconductive xerographic drum from a suitable original. To permit the utilization of copy in the form of microfilm either in a continuous web or as individual frames mounted in suitable apertured cards, a preferred embodiment of the optical projection systems of the invention is used in the xerographic apparatus shown.

The optical scanning or projection mechanism of the invention includes a projector 22 having a movable carriagefor transporting a film holder in light-projecting relation: to the moving light-sensitive surface of the xerographic. drum. Uniform lighting is provided by a projection lamp LMP-3.

A light shield 25 adapted to protect the xerographic drum from extraneous light at the exposure station is positioned adjacent to the surface of the xerographic drum. A slot aperture 26 in the light shield extends transverselyto the path of movement of the light-receiving surface of the xerographic drum to permit reflected rays from thefilm to be directed against a limited transverse area of' the light-receiving surface as it passes therebeneath. To enable the projector 22 to be mounted on the front of the machine for operator convenience, a folded optical system including an object mirror 27, and an image mirror 23, is used in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the object mirror and image mirror being mounted in the light shield. The film holder, supported by the movable 

1. AN OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS FOR PROJECTING AN IMAGE OF COPY TO BE REPRODUCED ONTO A MOVING LIGHTRECEIVING SURFACE SAID OPTICAL SCANNING APPARATUS INCLUDING A FRAME MEANS, A COPY CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY MOVABLY MOUNTED ON SAID FRAME MEANS SAID CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY INCLUDING A GUIDE MEANS, A COPY HOLDER FOR SUPPORTING COPY TO BE REPRODUCED RELEASABLY MOUNTED ON SAID CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY BY SAID GUIDE MEANS, ILLUMINATING MEANS POSITIONED ON SAID FRAME MEANS TO ILLUMINATE COPY SUPPORTED BY SAID COPY HOLDER ON SAID COPY CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY, A ROTATABLE MEMBER ADAPTED TO SUPPORT A LIGHT-RECEIVING SURFACE FOR MOVEMENT THROUGH A PREDETERMINED PATH CONTIGUOUS TO SAID ROTATABLE MEMBER, DRIVE MEANS CONNECTED TO SAID ROTATABLE MEMBER FOR MOVING A LIGHT-RECEIVING SURFACE CARRIED BY SAID ROTATABLE MEMBER AT A PREDETERMINED SPEED, A LIGHT SHIELD INTERPOSED IN THE OPTICAL PATH BETWEEN SAID COPY CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY AND SAID ROTATABLE MEMBER, A SLOT APERTURE IN SAID SHIELD EXTENDING TRANSVERSELY TO THE PATH OF MOVEMENT OF SAID ROTATABLE MEMBER, LENS MEANS POSITIONED TO DIRECT A RADIATION IMAGE FROM COPY SUPPORTED BY SAID COPY HOLDER THROUGH SAID SLOT APERTURE ONTO A LIGHT-RECEIVING SURFACE, CARRIAGE DRIVE MEANS OPERATIVELY CONNECTED TO SAID DRIVE MEANS AND SAID COPY CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY FOR MOVING SAID COPY CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY AT A PREDETERMINED SPEED RELATIVE TO SAID ROTATABLE MEMBER FROM A START-OF-SCAN POSITION TO AN END-OF-SCAN POSITION, AND A LENTGH OF SCAN CONTROL MEANS MOVABLE WITH RESPECT TO SAID COPY CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY FOR CONTROLLING THE START-OF-SCAN POSITION AND THE END-OF-SCAN POSITION OF SAID COPY CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY. 